.net core 接收 el-upload 文件上传。el-upload配合.net core webapi 文件上传。vue3文件上传，图片上传。文件上传类型限制，文件删除，文件预览。element plus 图片上传

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分类: .NET Core

[TOC]

### 前端就是vue 3的elemnt ui

<img src="https://img.tnblog.net/arcimg/aojiancc2/842446092be944b7a885a1baed55b53e.png" style="width:599px;height:auto;">


```
<template>
  <div class="upload-container">
    
    <vab-upload
      ref="vabUploadRef"
      :limit="50"
      name="file"
      :size="2"
      url="http://localhost:8002/api/upload"
    />
    <el-button type="primary" @click="handleShow()">模拟上传</el-button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import VabUpload from '@/plugins/VabUpload'

export default defineComponent({
  name: 'Upload',
  components: {
    VabUpload,
  },
  setup() {
    const vabUploadRef = ref()
    const handleShow = () => {
      vabUploadRef.value.handleShow()
    }

    return {
      vabUploadRef,
      handleShow,
    }
  },
})
</script>
```
VabUpload:
```
<template>
  <el-dialog
    v-model="dialogFormVisible"
    :before-close="handleClose"
    :close-on-click-modal="false"
    :title="title"
    width="909px"
  >
    <div class="upload">
      <el-alert
        :closable="false"
        :title="`支持jpg、jpeg、png格式，单次可最多选择${limit}张图片，每张不可大于${size}M，如果大于${size}M会自动为您过滤`"
        type="info"
      />
      <el-upload
        ref="uploadRef"
        accept="image/png, image/jpeg"
        :action="action"
        :auto-upload="false"
        class="upload-content"
        :close-on-click-modal="false"
        :data="data"
        :file-list="fileList"
        :headers="headers"
        :limit="limit"
        list-type="picture-card"
        :multiple="true"
        :name="name"
        :on-change="handleChange"
        :on-error="handleError"
        :on-exceed="handleExceed"
        :on-preview="handlePreview"
        :on-progress="handleProgress"
        :on-remove="handleRemove"
        :on-success="handleSuccess"
      >
        <template #trigger>
          <vab-icon icon="add-line" />
        </template>
        <el-dialog v-model="dialogVisible" append-to-body title="查看大图">
          <div>
            <el-image :src="dialogImageUrl" />
          </div>
        </el-dialog>
      </el-upload>
    </div>
    <template #footer>
      <div
        v-if="show"
        style="position: absolute; top: 10px; left: 15px; color: #999"
      >
        正在上传中... 当前上传成功数:{{ imgSuccessNum }}张 当前上传失败数:{{
          imgErrorNum
        }}张
      </div>
      <el-button type="primary" @click="handleClose">关闭</el-button>
      <el-button
        :loading="loading"
        style="margin-left: 10px"
        type="success"
        @click="submitUpload"
      >
        开始上传2
      </el-button>
    </template>
  </el-dialog>
</template>

<script>
import { useUserStore } from '@/store/modules/user'
import _ from 'lodash'

export default defineComponent({
  name: 'VabUpload',
  props: {
    url: {
      type: String,
      default: 'http://localhost:8002/upload222',
      required: true,
    },
    name: {
      type: String,
      default: 'file',
      required: true,
    },
    limit: {
      type: Number,
      default: 50,
      required: true,
    },
    size: {
      type: Number,
      default: 1,
      required: true,
    },
  },
  setup(props) {
    const userStore = useUserStore()
    const { token } = storeToRefs(userStore)
    const $baseMessage = inject('$baseMessage')

    const state = reactive({
      uploadRef: null,
      show: false,
      loading: false,
      dialogVisible: false,
      dialogImageUrl: '',
      action: '',
      headers: {},
      fileList: [],
      picture: 'picture',
      imgNum: 0,
      imgSuccessNum: 0,
      imgErrorNum: 0,
      typeList: null,
      title: '上传',
      dialogFormVisible: false,
      data: {},
    })

    const submitUpload = () => {
      state.uploadRef.submit()
    }
    const handleProgress = () => {
      state.loading = true
      state.show = true
    }
    const handleChange = (file, fileList) => {
      if (fileList && fileList.length > 0) {
        if (file.size > 1048576 * state.size) {
          fileList.filter((item) => item !== file)
          state.fileList = fileList
        } else {
          state.allImgNum = fileList.length
        }
      }
    }
    const handleSuccess = (response, file, fileList) => {
      state.imgNum = state.imgNum + 1
      state.imgSuccessNum = state.imgSuccessNum + 1
      if (fileList.length === state.imgNum) {
        setTimeout(() => {
          $baseMessage(
            `上传完成! 共上传${fileList.length}张图片`,
            'success',
            'vab-hey-message-success'
          )
        }, 1000)
      }

      setTimeout(() => {
        state.loading = false
        state.show = false
      }, 1000)
    }
    const handleError = (err, file) => {
      state.imgNum = state.imgNum + 1
      state.imgErrorNum = state.imgErrorNum + 1
      $baseMessage(
        `文件[${file.raw.name}]上传失败,文件大小为${_.round(
          file.raw.size / 1024,
          0
        )}KB`,
        'error',
        'vab-hey-message-error'
      )
      setTimeout(() => {
        state.loading = false
        state.show = false
      }, 1000)
    }
    const handleRemove = () => {
      state.imgNum = state.imgNum - 1
      state.allNum = state.allNum - 1
    }
    const handlePreview = (file) => {
      state.dialogImageUrl = file.url
      state.dialogVisible = true
    }
    const handleExceed = (files) => {
      $baseMessage(
        `当前限制选择 ${state.limit} 个文件，本次选择了
                  ${files.length}
                  个文件`,
        'error',
        'vab-hey-message-error'
      )
    }
    const handleShow = (data) => {
      state.title = '上传'
      state.data = data
      state.dialogFormVisible = true
    }
    const handleClose = () => {
      state.fileList = []
      state.picture = 'picture'
      state.allImgNum = 0
      state.imgNum = 0
      state.imgSuccessNum = 0
      state.imgErrorNum = 0
      state.headers['Authorization'] = `Bearer ${token}`
      state.dialogFormVisible = false
    }

    onMounted(() => {
      state.headers['Authorization'] = `Bearer ${token}`
      //这里给上传地址
      state.action = props.url
    })

    const percentage = computed(() => {
      if (state.allImgNum === 0) return 0
      return _.round(state.imgNum / state.allImgNum, 2) * 100
    })

    return {
      ...toRefs(state),
      submitUpload,
      handleProgress,
      handleChange,
      handleSuccess,
      handleError,
      handleRemove,
      handlePreview,
      handleExceed,
      handleShow,
      handleClose,
      percentage,
    }
  },
})
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
.upload {
  height: 500px;

  .upload-content {
    .el-upload__tip {
      display: block;
      height: 30px;
      line-height: 30px;
    }

    :deep() {
      .el-upload--picture-card {
        width: 128px;
        height: 128px;
        margin: 3px 8px 8px 8px;
        border: 2px dashed #c0ccda;

        .ri-add-line {
          font-size: 24px;
        }
      }

      .el-upload-list--picture {
        margin-bottom: 20px;
      }

      .el-upload-list--picture-card {
        .el-upload-list__item {
          width: 128px;
          height: 128px;
          margin: 3px 8px 8px 8px;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
</style>
```
文件上传的类型配置，要加什么类型继续让后面加就行了
```
accept="image/png,image/jpeg,.xls,.xlsx,.txt"
```

### .net core webapi后端
和其他上传图片的方式几乎都是一样的。从Request.Form.Files中取出来文件处理保存即可。核心代码如下：
```
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace WY.JBLand.API.API.V1
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class UpLoadController : ControllerBase
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///  上传多个文件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Files"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpPost]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        public string Post(IFormCollection Files)
        {
            try
            {
                string dd = Files["File"];
                var form = Files;//定义接收类型的参数
                Hashtable hash = new Hashtable();
                IFormFileCollection cols = Request.Form.Files;
                if (cols == null || cols.Count == 0)
                {
                    return "没有上传文件";
                }
                foreach (IFormFile file in cols)
                {
                    //定义图片数组后缀格式
                    string[] LimitPictureType = { ".JPG", ".JPEG", ".GIF", ".PNG", ".BMP" };
                    //获取图片后缀是否存在数组中
                    string currentPictureExtension = Path.GetExtension(file.FileName).ToUpper();
                    if (LimitPictureType.Contains(currentPictureExtension))
                    {
                        //这里暂时不重新生成文件名称，图片重命名使用guid或者时间都可以
                        // var new_path = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd")+ file.FileName;
						//var newName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Replace("-", "") + currentPictureExtension.ToLower();
                        var new_path = Path.Combine("uploads/images/", file.FileName);
                        var path = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "wwwroot", new_path);
                        //这步之前最好做一下文件夹是否存在的判断，如果不存在就创建一下
                        using (var stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create))
                        {
                            file.CopyTo(stream);
                            stream.Flush();
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        return "请上传指定格式的图片";
                    }
                }
                return "上传成功";
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return "上传失败";
            }
        }
    }
}
```

### 其实简单点来说就是这样使用而已（使用原生的element plus 的可以从这里开始看，没有经过封装的）

后端写好一个上传图片文件的接口，这个一般项目里边都是封装好的模块（.net的上传后台可以参考：https://www.tnblog.net/aojiancc2/article/details/8595 ）
前端也非常简单，主要的核心代码就是这点：
```
<el-form-item label="封面" prop="CoverImg">
	<el-upload class="avatar-uploader" 
	:show-file-list="false"
	action="/oss/api/TnblogFiles/UpLoadFormFile"
	:headers="getHeaderToken()"
	accept="image/*"
	:data="{
			bucketName: 'education',
			filePath: 'course/imgs',
			FileType: 1,
		}"
	:on-success="handleAvatarSuccess"
	:before-upload="beforeAvatarUpload"
	>
	    <img  v-if="editFromData.coverImg" :src="getImgUrl(editFromData.coverImg)" class="coverImg">
		<el-icon v-else class="avatar-uploader-icon"><Plus /></el-icon>
	</el-upload>
</el-form-item>


<script setup lang="ts" >
import { Plus } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
import { getHeaderToken,getImgUrl } from '/@/utils/toolsFunctions';
</script>
```

- action就是你后端封装的上传的接口
- headers 就是提供一个token嘛，后台接口一般都需要身份验证的,token一般前端都会统一封装一个获取token的方法的
- accept 就是限制一下文件的类型嘛
- data 提供一些额外的数据，比如封装的oss文件上传接口，要提供一些桶的名称，文件存储位置什么的额外信息
- before-upload一个事件嘛，一般就是用来做上传前的验证比如验证一下文件是否超大等
```
const beforeAvatarUpload = (file:any)=>{
	const isMoreThanSize = file.size / 1024 / 1024 < 10
	if (!isMoreThanSize) {
		ElMessage.error('上传封面图片大小不能超过 10MB!');
	}
	return isMoreThanSize
}
```
- on-success 也是一个事件上传成功后的事件，比如做上传封面什么的，可以在这个事件里边处理上传成功后马上显示图片
```
const handleAvatarSuccess = (res:any, file:any)=>{
	if (res.success) {
		// 上传成功之后给变量赋值，显示出来需要上传的图片
		state.editFromData.coverImg = res.data.id
    }
}
```

#### 这个上传封面的效果图

<img src="https://img.tnblog.net/arcimg/aojiancc2/d92802ca0f7047d195db1b17f50fadb3.png" style="width:366px;height:auto;">


样式也贴一下（如果样式没有作用的话，检查一下弹窗里边是否使用了`:append-to-body="true"`）
```

<style scoped="scoped" lang="scss">
// 最外层的样式自己修改一下
.sub-program-update-container {
	.coverImg{
		width: 109px;
		height: 109px;
	}
}
</style>


<style  lang="scss">
// 最外层的样式自己修改一下
.sub-program-update-container {

	.avatar-uploader .el-upload {
		border: 1px dashed var(--el-border-color);
		border-radius: 6px;
		cursor: pointer;
		position: relative;
		overflow: hidden;
		transition: var(--el-transition-duration-fast);
	}

	.avatar-uploader .el-upload:hover {
		border-color: var(--el-color-primary);
	}

	.el-icon.avatar-uploader-icon {
		font-size: 28px;
		color: #8c939d;
		width: 98px;
		height: 98px;
		text-align: center;
	}
}
</style>
```

### 只允许上传一个文件，并且后上传的覆盖前面上传的
官方文档：https://element-plus.org/zh-CN/component/upload.html#%E8%A6%86%E7%9B%96%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6

**设置 limit 和 on-exceed 可以在选中时自动替换上一个文件。**
核心代码如下
```
<el-upload
	ref="uploadVedioRef"
	:limit="1"
	:on-exceed="handleVedioExceed"
>
	<el-button type="primary" size="default">请选择视频上传</el-button>
</el-upload>

const uploadVedioRef = ref<UploadInstance>()
const handleVedioExceed: UploadProps['onExceed'] = (files) => {
	uploadVedioRef.value!.clearFiles()
	const file = files[0] as UploadRawFile
	file.uid = genFileId()
	uploadVedioRef.value!.handleStart(file)

	// 直接自动上传，覆盖前面一个文件
	uploadVedioRef.value!.submit()
}
```

### 处理文件预览

#### 使用自带的handlePreview事件实现文件预览

先绑定好handlePreview事件
```
<el-upload
	ref="uploadVedioRef"
	:on-preview="handleVedioPreview"
>
	<el-button type="primary" size="default">请选择视频上传</el-button>
</el-upload>
```
**然后在handlePreview事件中就可以实现文件预览了**
```
const handleVedioPreview: UploadProps['onPreview'] = (uploadFile:any) => {
  console.log(uploadFile)
  // 如果有vedioId属性就直接调用封装的视频预览方法去视频预览
  if(uploadFile.vedioId){
	openFileNewWindow(uploadFile.vedioId)
  }
}
```
具体的预览逻辑自己去实现我这里的视频预览其实就是使用视频的id去调用接口获取视频预览的地址，然后在浏览器的新标签打开一个地址即可


**注意上面那个只是基础的核心代码，真正要处理预览需要自己去实现，比如要预览上次已经上传好了的文件**
应该从接口从获取以前已经上次好了的文件绑定给upload,核心代码如下
```
<template>
	<el-upload
		ref="uploadVedioRef"
		:file-list="state.vedioFileList"
		:on-preview="handleVedioPreview"
	>
		<el-button type="primary" size="default">请选择视频上传</el-button>
	</el-upload>
</template>

<script setup lang="ts" name="sub-program-update">

const state = reactive({
	vedioFileList:[],
})

const initData = (selectRowData: any) => {
	let row = selectRowData

	// 给已经上传的文件添加到文件列表中进行管理
	state.vedioFileList.push({
		name:row.vedioInfo,
		vedioId:row.vedio
	})
}

const handleVedioPreview: UploadProps['onPreview'] = (uploadFile:any) => {
  console.log(uploadFile)
  // 如果有vedioId属性就直接调用封装的视频预览方法去视频预览
  if(uploadFile.vedioId){
	openFileNewWindow(uploadFile.vedioId)
  }
}
</script>
```

如果是预览新上传的文件，可以在上传成功的事件里边给文件对象中添加一个vedioId的属性，方便在预览的时候保持和预览前面已经上次的文件逻辑一致
```
<template>
	<el-upload
		ref="uploadVedioRef"
		:file-list="state.vedioFileList"
		:on-preview="handleVedioPreview"
		:show-file-list="true"
		:on-success="handleVedioSuccess"
	>
		<el-button type="primary" size="default">请选择视频上传</el-button>
	</el-upload>
</template>

<script setup lang="ts" name="sub-program-update">

const state = reactive({
	vedioFileList:[],
})

const initData = (selectRowData: any) => {
	let row = selectRowData

	// 给已经上传的文件添加到文件列表中进行管理
	state.vedioFileList.push({
		name:row.vedioInfo,
		vedioId:row.vedio
	})
}

// 视频上传成功的处理，给相关内容赋值
const handleVedioSuccess = (res: any, file: any) => {
	if (res.success) {
		// 上传成功之后给变量赋值，点击保存的时候才能更新到数据库去
		state.editFromData.vedio = res.data.id
		state.editFromData.vedioInfo = file.name

		// *** 给文件对象中添加一个vedioId的属性，方便在预览的时候保持和预览前面已经上次的文件逻辑一致***
		file.vedioId = res.data.id
	}
}

const handleVedioPreview: UploadProps['onPreview'] = (uploadFile:any) => {
  console.log(uploadFile)

  if(uploadFile.vedioId){
	openFileNewWindow(uploadFile.vedioId)
  }
  else{
	ElMessage.error('预览失败,请检查文件是否存在!')
  }
}
</script>
```

#### 自己去写模板自己去解析filelist的方式

在 Element Plus 中，el-upload 组件的 file-list 属性允许你自定义文件列表的显示，你可以通过插槽（slots）来自定义文件列表，并手动添加点击事件进行你想要的操作。

下面是一个简单的示例，实现图片预览的：





### 处理删除的逻辑

#### 如果不想让文件可以点击自带的删除按钮删除，可以这样做
主要就是绑定一个before-remove事件，当然还要设置一下show-file-list为true,才会显示文件列表右边就有删除的操作按钮
```
<el-upload
	:before-remove="beforeVedioRemove"
	:show-file-list="true"
	>
	<el-button type="primary" size="default">请选择视频上传</el-button>
</el-upload>
```
事件里边提示一句话，在返回false阻止删除行为即可
```
const beforeVedioRemove: UploadProps['beforeRemove'] = (uploadFile, uploadFiles) => {
	ElMessage.error('暂不支持删除，可以重新上传覆盖!');
	return false
}
```

tn2> 当然如果不想让文件被删除，可以直接把show-file-list设置为false就没有删除的操作了，但是有些时候即想要显示文件的上传进度，又不想要文件被删除就可以这样做，因为自带的show-file-list里边有自带的文件上传进度显示使用起来体验还是不错的

#### 如果想要真正的删除文件，就可以这样去写逻辑

调用接口去删除存储的文件以及更新需要更新的数据，具体逻辑根据自己的修改即可

```
const beforeVedioRemove: UploadProps['beforeRemove'] = (uploadFile, uploadFiles) => {
	return ElMessageBox.confirm(`是否删除文件视频`).then(
		() => {
			let updateData = { id: state.editFromData.id, Vedio: '', VedioInfo: '' }
			// 调用接口去删除存储的文件以及更新需要更新的数据，具体逻辑根据自己的修改即可
			request.post('/xxxApi/api/TrainingSubProgram/UpdateVedio', updateData).then(
				(res: any) => {
					if (res.success) {
						emitWays('refreshData')
						ElMessage.success('视频删除成功!')
					}
				},
				(res) => {
					ElMessage.error('视频删除失败!')
				}
			)

			return true
		},
		() => {
			return false
		}
	)
}
```

### 常用的文件限制

#### 图片相关
```
accept="image/*"
accept="image/png, image/jpeg"
```

#### 压缩包相关
```
accept=".zip,.rar,.tar,.7z"
```

#### 各种类型的组合
```
accept="image/png,image/jpeg,.xls,.xlsx,.txt"
```

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